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The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the entity responsible for regulating lead-based paint hazards in residential properties. The EPA implements and enforces regulations under the Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act and other related legislation. This includes requirements for lead disclosure in sales and rentals, as well as guidelines for lead hazard control and abatement in residential properties, especially those built before 1978 when the use of lead-based paint was banned in the United States.

While the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) also works in this area by providing guidelines and funding for lead hazard control programs, the primary regulatory authority rests with the EPA. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) focuses more on workplace safety and health standards rather than residential properties, and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) primarily deals with consumer protection issues and advertising practices rather than environmental health regulations.